Praying Mantis Instars & Moulting
Praying mantises are fascinating insects known for their distinctive predatory behavior and unique life cycle, which includes a series of developmental stages called instars. Understanding praying mantis instars and their molting process sheds light on how these insects grow and transform.
Instars in Praying Mantises
An instar refers to the developmental stage between each molt (shedding of the exoskeleton) in an insect's life cycle. Praying mantises undergo incomplete metamorphosis, meaning they don't experience a pupal stage like butterflies or beetles. Instead, they hatch from eggs as nymphs, which resemble miniature, wingless adults. Over time, they progress through several instars, gradually growing larger and developing adult features with each molt.
The number of instars varies depending on the species and environmental conditions, typically ranging from five to ten stages. The first instar nymph emerges from the egg with a soft, delicate body and is highly vulnerable. As it feeds and grows, it eventually outgrows its exoskeleton, necessitating a molt to accommodate its increasing size.
Molting Process
The molting process, also known as ecdysis, is critical for the growth of praying mantises. The exoskeleton, while providing protection and support, is rigid and cannot expand. Therefore, as the mantis grows, it must shed this outer layer to continue its development.
1. Preparation: Before molting, the mantis enters a preparatory phase. It stops eating and may become less active, finding a secure location where it can safely undergo the molting process. During this time, the mantis' body produces a new, soft exoskeleton beneath the old one.
2. Shedding the Exoskeleton: When the mantis is ready to molt, it typically hangs upside down to allow gravity to assist in the process. The old exoskeleton splits along a seam, usually starting at the thorax. The mantis then wriggles and twists its body to slowly extract itself from the old exoskeleton. This process can take several minutes to hours, depending on the size and condition of the mantis.
3. Post-Molt Vulnerability: After emerging from the old exoskeleton, the mantis is extremely vulnerable. The new exoskeleton is soft and pliable, taking time to harden and provide the necessary protection. During this period, the mantis is at risk of predation and environmental hazards, as it is unable to defend itself effectively.
4. Hardening: Over the next few hours, the mantis’ new exoskeleton gradually hardens and darkens. The mantis remains relatively inactive during this time, allowing the new exoskeleton to fully set. Once hardened, the mantis resumes normal activity, including feeding and hunting.
I advise not to handle your mantis for 24 hours or offer food. The older the mantis the longer after a moult for handling, I.E Sub to adult 48 hours.
Final Molt and Maturation
The final molt is particularly significant because it marks the transition from nymph to adult. In many species, this final molt results in the development of wings, which are initially small and crumpled but gradually expand and harden. Once the mantis reaches adulthood, it no longer molts and is capable of reproduction.
Conclusion
Praying mantises' instars and molting process are integral to their growth and survival. Each molt allows the mantis to grow larger, develop new features, and adapt to its environment. Despite the risks involved, molting is a remarkable and essential part of the mantis' life cycle, enabling it to evolve from a vulnerable nymph into a formidable adult predator.
MH - Jenna